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New Insights into Subsurface Exploration and Production
Imagine being able to lower a camera into the subsurface of the earth and record a continuous animation that captures the surroundings in all directions and all angles. Paradigm’s new full-azimuth angle domain imaging and analysis system, EarthStudy 360®, is able to emulate this capability by combining a rich bottom-up ray tracing procedure with the fully recorded seismic wavefield.
EarthStudy 360 is designed to deliver to both depth imaging and processing experts and interpretation specialists a complete set of data that enable them to obtain accurate subsurface velocity models, structural attributes, medium properties, and reservoir characteristics. The system extracts unprecedented value from all modern and legacy seismic data acquisitions, especially those with wide and rich azimuth and long offset, in both marine and land environments, including unconventional shale plays. EarthStudy 360 is not an improved version of existing imaging and interpretation systems; nor is it an evolution of any seismic imaging or interpretation technology in use today. Rather, it is a brand new invention designed to image, characterize, visualize and interpret the total seismic wavefield, and provide previously unattainable levels of subsurface knowledge. |
EarthStudy 360 has successfully undergone full-scale studies and field trials in a number of geological and structural environments. The rich information from all angles and azimuths significantly reduces uncertainty and ensures more reliable analysis. It is a major step towards a full seismic data analysis system with rich deliverables and extremely high levels of user interaction and QC at any state in the workflow.
EarthStudy 360 maximizes the information that can be extracted from recorded seismic data. The system creates a wealth of seismic image data, decomposed into full-azimuth angle-dependent reflectivities and directional (dip and azimuth) data components that can be selectively sampled, creatively combined, dynamically visualized, and further processed to secure images of the subsurface. These images can reveal the information needed for velocity model determination, and provide details regarding the presence of micro-fractures, the orientation of faults and fractures, the influence of anisotropy, the directions of contributing illumination, the elastic properties of target reservoirs, and the boundaries of those reservoirs.
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| System Requirements Processing |
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- 64-bit, for x64 architecture processors
- Red Hat® Enterprise Linux® 5.3 and above, 6.0 and above
Interoperability Options
All Epos®-based applications enable interoperability with third-party data stores, including:
- OpenWorks® 2003.12
- OpenWorks R5000
- GeoFrame® 4.5
- OpenSpirit® 3.2.3
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Maximize the amount of information extracted from seismic data
Engineered as the industry’s first full azimuth and full wavefield exploration and development solution, EarthStudy 360 uses the complete recorded wavefield to provide a highly accurate and detailed description of the subsurface.
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Using EarthStudy 360, you can: Construct accurate kinematic and dynamic subsurface images from recorded surface seismic data, using the full seismic wavefield
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Obtain optimal information for anisotropic tomographic solutions as well as true amplitude reflectivities for AVAZ
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Provide high-resolution images which lead to the detection of faults, fractures, and small vertical displacements in reservoirs, especially important in unconventional shale plays
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Avoid surface azimuthal sectoring
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Generate the highest directional sampling from the seismic method
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Reduce seismic velocity modeling non-uniqueness with continuous azimuthal sampling
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Enrich subsurface illumination information from all angles and all azimuths
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Detect angle-dependent azimuthal anisotropy to determine orientation and spatial characteristics of heterogeneously distributed, sub-seismic, fine fractures
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Apply specular weighting and generate diffraction images to better delineate subsalt reflectors
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2D display of 3D full-azimuth reflection angle gather
Add investment value with innovative imaging
Paradigm EarthStudy 360 is for oil and gas companies seeking a higher return on investment for their most valuable exploration and development assets. By dealing with the azimuth component of seismic data in a continuous, accurate and comprehensive manner, EarthStudy 360 goes far beyond traditional seismic imaging to deliver the industry’s only 360-degree, full-angle solution for rich and wide azimuth seismic acquisitions.
EarthStudy 360 enables you to:
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Gain broader insight into subsurface geometry or physical properties
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Capture contributions from all angles and directions for a comprehensive analysis of the subsurface
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Make economic recommendations and changes to seismic acquisition programs using rich illumination analysis
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Generate rich and detailed seismic reservoir images for difficult-to-interpret 4D seismic signals
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Assess permeability or reservoir performance with diagnostic images of reservoir orientation and density
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Perform a full AVAZ analysis to determine reflectivity information from azimuth angle
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Determine principle stress directions to complement well bore stability and pore pressure assessments with continuous azimuthal subsurface sampling
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EarthStudy 360 vs. Kirchhoff migration (courtesy of the Russian Federation)
Reduce drilling uncertainty and risk
EarthStudy 360 offers advanced new methodologies that help minimize the risk of expensive drilling in challenging environments. The system increases outcome certainty with better seismic images, wave propagation models and subsurface velocity models. Additional activities you can perform using EarthStudy 360:
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Assess permeability or reservoir performance with diagnostic images of reservoir orientation and density
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Perform a full AVAZ analysis to determine reflectivity information from azimuth angle
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Determine principle stress directions to complement well bore stability and pore pressure assessments with continuous azimuthal subsurface sampling
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EarthStudy 360® is a comprehensive subsurface angle domain seismic imaging system for generating and extracting high-resolution information about subsurface target areas. It enables geophysicists to use all recorded seismic data in a continuous fashion directly in the subsurface Local Angle Domain (LAD), resulting in two complementary, full-azimuth, common image angle gather systems: Directional and Reflection.
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Surface-to-subsurface and subsurface-to-surface mapping
The directional angle decomposition enables the implementation of both specular and diffraction imaging in real 3D isotropic/anisotropic geological models, leading to simultaneous emphasis on both continuous structural surfaces and discontinuous objects such as small faults and small-scale fractures. Structural attributes at each subsurface point, e.g., dip, azimuth and continuity, can be reliably derived directly from the directional angle gathers.
The reflection angle gathers display reflectivity as a function of the subsurface opening angle and opening azimuth. These gathers are most meaningful in the vicinity of actual local reflecting surfaces, where the reflection angles are measured with respect to the derived background specular direction. The reflection angle gathers are used for automatic picking of full-azimuth angle domain Residual Moveouts (RMO) which, together with the derived background orientations of the subsurface reflection horizons, provide a complete set of input data to isotropic/anisotropic tomography. The full-azimuth angle-dependent amplitude variations are used for reliable and accurate AVAZ analysis and reservoir characterization.
EarthStudy 360 is most effective for imaging and analysis in unconventional gas plays within shale formations and in fracture carbonate reservoirs. The system delivers highly accurate images from below complex structures, such as shallow low-velocity anomalies like gas pockets, subsalt, sub-basalt and high-velocity carbonate rocks. These result in optimal solutions for anisotropic tomography and for fracture detection and reservoir characterization.
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